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No Access Submitted: 08 January 2014 Accepted: 23 May 2014 Published Online: 02 July 2014

  • Passive localization of noise-producing targets using a compact volumetric array

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136, 80 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4881917
John Gebbie and Martin Sideriusa)
  • Northwest Electromagnetics and Acoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, 1900 SW 4th Avenue, Suite 160, Portland, Oregon 97201
    • Peter L. Nielsen and James Miller
  • Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation, Viale S. Bartolomeo 400, La Spezia, Italy
    • more...View Affiliations
    View Contributors
    • John Gebbie
    • Martin Siderius
    • Peter L. Nielsen
    • James Miller
    ABSTRACT
    A technique is presented for passively localizing multiple noise-producing targets by cross-correlating the elevation beams of a compact volumetric array on separate bearings. A target's multipath structure inherently contains information about its range; however, unknown, random noise waveforms make time separation of individual arrivals difficult. Ocean ambient noise has previously been used to measure multipath delays to the seabed by cross-correlating the beams of a vertical line array [Siderius, Song, Gerstoft, Hodgkiss, Hursky, and Harrison, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127, 2193–2200 (2010)], but this methodology has not been applied to distant noise sources having non-vertical arrivals. The technique presented in this paper uses a compact volumetric array mounted to an autonomous underwater vehicle to measure the three-dimensional directionality and time delays of multipath arrivals, while adaptively rejecting clutter and multi-target interference. This is validated with experimental results in a shallow ocean environment in which a small workboat maneuvered in the vicinity. Short ranges could be estimated reliably using straight ray paths, but longer ranges required accounting for ray refraction.

    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

    The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE), the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and Portland State University (PSU). We thank CMRE for designing and building the array, and for providing use of the NRV Alliance. We thank Steven Crocker and Jennifer Giard for assistance during the deployment. We also thank Charles Holland and Daniel Rouseff for helpful discussions.

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